Blog

CoolSculpting is a non-invasive fat reduction procedure that uses cryolipolysis to freeze and destroy fat cells in targeted areas of the body. The origin story behind CoolSculpting is quite unusual and starts with a serendipitous observation made in the 1970s.

A phenomenon called “popsicle panniculitis” has been noted in the medical literature. It described how some children who regularly ate frozen popsicles developed swelling, inflammation in their cheeks, and ultimately dimples. It was discovered that this was a result of the cold popsicles freezing and damaging fat cells in their cheeks, leading to inflammation and eventual elimination of some of the fat cells.

Drs. Rox Anderson and Dr. Dieter Manstein of the Wellman Center for Photomedicine at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, a teaching affiliate of Harvard Medical School, started to investigate this phenomenon in 2007. They discovered that under carefully controlled conditions, subcutaneous fat cells are more vulnerable to the effects of cold than surrounding tissue. Equally importantly, unlike most other cells in the body, fat cells do not regenerate. This means that once eliminated, fat cells do not grow back.

They formed a company (EHR International) and put their energies into developing a medical device that could achieve the required cooling under carefully controlled and reproducible conditions. They named the process of killing fat cells by freezing “cryolipolysis,” meaning “breaking apart fat by cold.” An important part of their research was to identify the optimal conditions for killing fat cells while minimizing any possible damage or inflammation in adjacent skin cells.

Their device applied the principle of cryolipolysis to selectively freeze and eliminate fat cells without damaging the skin or surrounding tissues, leading to the creation of the procedure known as CoolSculpting.

Further research continued into discovering which body areas could best be treated using CoolSculpting, which resulted in the development of specialized applicators used to efficiently target fat deposits in different parts of the body.

Zeltiq Aesthetics acquired the CoolSculpting trademark and technology in 2010 and continued development. More recently, Allergan acquired Zeltiq in 2017; they have continued to develop CoolSculpting technology and today market it for use by licensed healthcare professionals.

Your Laser Skin Care

Your Laser Skin Care practitioners are medically qualified and highly experienced in performing CoolSculpting procedures. We also have extensive experience with a wide variety of other non-invasive cosmetic procedures. We can help you choose the safest, most effective, and most cost-effective way to achieve your cosmetic goals. Call us at (323) 525-1516 to schedule a free consultation, or visit us online for more information.

Botox is a widely used cosmetic treatment due to its ability to diminish fine lines and wrinkles. Despite its popularity, there’s a lot of misinformation circulating about the procedure. Here are the most widespread myths about Botox.

Myth 1: Botox Will Make You Look Frozen and Unnatural

This is probably the most common myth about Botox. While it’s true that a highly expressive face might be less animated after using Botox, a skilled practitioner will administer Botox in a way that maintains your natural look. An experienced practitioner will use the appropriate dose in the correct place. When skillfully applied, Botox will refresh your appearance without looking frozen or unnatural.

Myth 2: Botox is Only for Wrinkles

While Botox is predominately used to treat wrinkles, it has several other approved medical uses. It can help relieve chronic migraines, excessive sweating, certain eye disorders, and even some forms of bladder dysfunction.

Myth 3: Botox is Dangerous Because it’s Derived from Botulinum Toxin

Botox comes from botulinum toxin, but it’s refined to be used in tiny amounts that have been proven safe for humans. The FDA has approved its use, and there’s considerable scientific research supporting its safety. It’s only dangerous in large doses, much larger than what would be used for cosmetic or medical purposes.

Myth 4: Once You Start Botox, You Can’t Stop

There’s a widespread belief that once you start using Botox, your wrinkles will worsen if you stop. That’s not true. Your wrinkles won’t worsen; they’ll simply return to how they looked before you started Botox. Botox is temporary – it relaxes the muscles that create wrinkles, and when it wears off, muscles regain their original function.

Myth 5: Botox Is Painful

Pain is, of course, subjective – tolerance of pain varies widely. Most patients describe Botox injections as feeling like a minor pinch, more discomfort than pain. Your practitioner can apply a topical numbing cream before treatment to minimize any pain or discomfort.

Myth 6: Botox is Only for Women

Women certainly represent the majority of Botox users, but men can and do benefit from the procedure. The number of men opting for Botox has started to increase in recent years. It works in exactly the same way as it does for women – by reducing wrinkles and fine lines, men can look more youthful and vibrant.

While it’s always a very good idea to do your own research before considering any cosmetic procedure, it’s equally important to distinguish myths from facts. If you’re considering Botox or any other treatment, always consult with a qualified and experienced practitioner who can guide you based on their expertise and your particular needs.

Your Laser Skin Care

Your Laser Skin Care practitioners are medically qualified and highly experienced in performing Botox procedures. We also have extensive experience with a wide variety of other non-invasive cosmetic procedures. We can help you choose the safest, most effective, and most cost-effective way to achieve your cosmetic goals. Call us at (323) 525-1516 to schedule a free consultation, or visit us online for more information.

Laser hair treatment offers a highly reliable and long-lasting way to remove unwanted hair, freeing you from tedious grooming routines. However, to maximize the effectiveness of the procedure and to minimize any problems, it’s very important to follow these recommendations before and after treatment:

Pre-Treatment Recommendations

• Before starting any laser hair removal treatment, it is essential to consult with a licensed professional to discuss your goals and evaluate your skin type. Mention if you’re taking any medications that could make your skin more sensitive to light.
• Ensure the treatment area is clean and free from lotions, creams, or makeup before your appointment.
• Avoid waxing, plucking, or using depilatory creams on the treatment area for at least 4 weeks before your session.
• Avoid sun exposure and tanning for at least two weeks before your treatment to minimize the risk of skin damage. Spray tan products should also be avoided.
• Stop using skincare products containing retinol and alpha-hydroxy acids a week before your appointment.
• Shave the area to be treated 24 to 48 hours beforehand to remove any hair above the skin’s surface.

Post-Treatment Recommendations

• Use a cold compress or ice packs to reduce any swelling or discomfort after the treatment.
• Apply a fragrance-free, gentle moisturizer to the treated area to keep your skin hydrated.
• Wear loose, comfortable clothing to avoid irritation of the treated area.
• Avoid direct sun exposure. Keep the treated area covered and use sunscreen with a high SPF to protect it from direct and indirect sun exposure.
• Avoid using skincare products with active ingredients, fragrances, or alcohol for at least a week after treatment.
• Refrain from strenuous physical activity or exercise for at least 24 hours after treatment to prevent irritation and swelling.

Laser hair removal works best when there’s a significant contrast between your skin color and your hair color. That’s why you should avoid anything that darkens your skin, as this risks reducing the effectiveness of the procedure.

Lastly, keep in mind that several laser hair removal procedures are typically needed to effectively remove hair in any part of the body.

Your Laser Skin Care

Your Laser Skin Care practitioners are medically qualified and highly experienced in performing laser hair removal. We also have extensive experience with a wide variety of other non-invasive cosmetic procedures. We can help you choose the safest, most effective, and most cost-effective way to achieve your cosmetic goals. Call us at (323) 525-1516 to schedule a free consultation, or visit us online for more information.

Botox and Excessive Sunlight

Dermal Fillers and Excessive Sunlight

Effective Protection Measures

Your Laser Skin Care

In recent years, interest in non-surgical cosmetic procedures for fat reduction and body contouring has grown rapidly, as have the number of competing procedures. Among the most popular are CoolSculpting, Kybella, Vanquish, and Emsculpt. Each procedure has its unique benefits and drawbacks, depending on each patient’s individual requirements. This paper will explore the differences between these procedures, focusing on their basic mechanisms, effectiveness, and the patient experience.

CoolSculpting, Kybella, Vanquish, and Emsculpt Explained

One thing that all these procedures have in common – they’re ways to selectively remove fat from the body, while improving the body’s contours. And in all cases, fat cells, once removed from the body, will never be re-generated. However, none of these techniques are effective as weight-loss mechanisms; and if you want to maintain the results long-term, you’ll have to adopt a heathy lifestyle, including getting adequate exercise and eating a healthy diet.

CoolSculpting

CoolSculpting, also known as cryolipolysis, is a non-invasive fat reduction treatment that uses precisely controlled cooling to target and destroy fat cells. The technique relies on the fact that fat cells are more easily damaged by low temperatures than surrounding tissue. By selectively applying cold temperatures to the area being targeted, fat cells are selectively frozen and damaged without damaging surrounding tissue. Once the fat cells are killed, they are gradually eliminated from the body via the body’s lymphatic system.

CoolSculpting is FDA-cleared for treating several areas of the body, including the abdomen, flanks, inner and outer thighs, submental area (double chin), upper arms, and the area below the buttocks (banana roll).

CoolSculpting is a non-invasive procedure, which helps both to reduce discomfort during the procedure, and to reduce recovery time to the absolute minimum. Side effects can range from redness, swelling, bruising, or numbness, but these are all typically minor and of short duration.

CoolSculpting is not effective as a weight-loss treatment, but rather as a body contouring procedure that is able to target specific fat deposits that may have proven resistant to dieting or exercise.

Results start to develop in the weeks following treatment, and normally continue over the course of several months. Multiple treatments may be required, depending on the patient’s expectations. Each CoolSculpting sessions typically takes from 35 to 60 minutes.

Kybella

Kybella is a minimally invasive treatment that uses injections to reduce double chins. The active ingredient in Kybella is deoxycholic acid, the same acid the body uses to help digest dietary fat. When injected into fat deposits beneath the chin, Kybella is able to kill off fat cells. As these cells are gradually eliminated from the body, the jawline becomes more defined and contoured.

Kybella is an FDA-approved treatment, but is restricted to use in the area under the chin and jawline.

Individual Kybella treatments typically take between 15 and 20 minutes. Multiple treatments may be required to achieve desired results, spaced four to six weeks apart; two treatments are commonly needed.

The number of Kybella treatments needed to achieve the desired results varies from patient to patient. Two treatment sessions are typically needed, but some individuals may require up to six treatments for optimal results. Once the fat cells are destroyed, they do not regenerate, meaning that the results of Kybella treatment are typically long-lasting.

As with other injectable treatments, there side effects can include redness, bruising, swelling, numbness, or pain. It’s also possible to develop areas of hardness near the treated area. Side effects are typically short-lived, and should disappear in the days or weeks following treatment.

Vanquish

Vanquish is a non-invasive body contouring treatment that uses radiofrequency (RF) energy to heat and destroy targeted fat cells. The heat generated by the Vanquish device causes fat cells to break down, after which they’re removed from the body naturally. Vanquish is commonly used to treat larger parts of the body, like the abdomen, flanks, and thighs.

One of the main advantages of Vanquish is its ability to treat larger areas than other non-invasive fat reduction treatments. The heating device hovers over the skin without making direct contact, allowing for a more comfortable treatment experience.

Individual Vanquish treatments typically take between 45 minutes to an hour. Vanquish typically requires a series of treatment sessions, usually spaced a week apart, to achieve desired results. The number of sessions needed will depend on the individual patient’s goals and the area being treated. Results may start to become noticeable within a few weeks after treatment, with continued improvement over the next few months as the body naturally eliminates the destroyed fat cells.

Vanquish has minimal side effects, ranging from redness, swelling, or mild discomfort. These side effects typically subside within a few hours to a couple of days.

Emsculpt

Emsculpt is an unusual non-invasive body contouring treatment that not only targets fat reduction but also focuses on muscle building and toning. The device uses high-intensity focused electromagnetic (HIFEM) technology to stimulate muscle contractions, which helps simultaneously to build muscle fibers and burn fat. Emsculpt is FDA approved for use on the abdomen and buttocks; it may also be used on the arms and thighs.

Emsculpt can help achieve a more toned and sculpted appearance, in addition to reducing fat. The HIFEM energy causes individual muscles to contract up to 20,000 times in a single 30-minute session, equivalent to the effect of a high intensity workout. Emsculpt can be a great option for individuals looking to enhance their existing workout routines.

Emsculpt is generally comfortable and pain free, requiring no recovery time. It is common to experience muscle soreness after treatment, as you would expect following an equivalent workout.

Individual Emsculpt treatments take around 30 minutes; typically, several sessions are required to achieve optimal results, spaced a few days apart. Improvements to muscle tone and fat reduction typically start to become apparent in the weeks following treatment.

In addition to toning muscles and reducing fat, Emsculpt can provide other benefits, such as reducing back pain. The HIFEM pulses help to strengthen core muscles which support the spine, providing benefits beyond the immediate area being treated.

CoolSculpting vs. Kybella

Directly compared, CoolSculpting and Kybella are both effective at reducing fat beneath the chin and jawline. CoolSculpting can be used to target many more body areas than Kybella, and is also easier to apply to larger areas. Both procedures use different mechanisms to destroy fat cells, but both rely on the same body mechanisms to absorb and eliminate these cells over time.

CoolSculpting is a non-invasive, FDA-approved treatment that utilizes controlled cooling technology to freeze and damage fat cells, while Kybella in a minimally invasive technique that relies on injecting a natural acid that achieves a similar result by breaking down adjacent fat cells.

As a minimally invasive technique, Kybella may result in somewhat more side-effects after treatment, but recovery from either procedure should be rapid. Kybella may be associated with temporary swelling or bruising at the injection site, while CoolSculpting can cause temporary numbness and redness in the treated area.

CoolSculpting vs. Vanquish

While CoolSculpting uses cold to damage fat cells, Vanquish relies on heat to accomplish the same result.

Vanquish is considered more effective when used to treat larger areas; CoolSculpting may be more precise when used to target smaller localized fat deposits.

Side effects from either procedure are different, Vanquish can cause mild discomfort and warmth during treatment, while CoolSculpting can cause cold and numb sensations.

CoolSculpting vs. Emsculpt

While CoolSculpting specifically targets fat cells, Emsculpt is a body contouring solution that primarily focuses on building muscle strength and tone. Fat reduction is a secondary benefit of the procedure. Both procedures are FDA-cleared.

If fat reduction is the patient’s primary objective, Emsculpt can be combined with one of the other fat reduction procedures, such as CoolSculpting. Emsculpt is also more applicable to larger body areas.

Emsculpt is generally considered to have fewer side effects than CoolSculpting, although it can certainly generate muscle soreness after treatment

Minimally or Non-Invasive?

Kybella is considered “minimally invasive” because it involves injecting a substance directly into the targeted area using a needle. Although the injections are relatively small and cause minimal discomfort, the procedure still involves puncturing the skin and introducing a foreign substance into the body. This makes Kybella a slightly more invasive procedure than treatments that do not require injections.

CoolSculpting, Vanquish, and Emsculpt are considered “non-invasive” because they do not require any injections, incisions, or puncturing of the skin. These treatments involve placing a device on or near the skin’s surface, and do not result in damage to the skin or surrounding tissue, or introduce foreign substances into the body.

Both treatments can be effective for fat reduction, but the choice between them may depend on factors such as the treatment area, patient preferences, and the desired outcome.

Treatments that use special apparatus to achieve their results (CoolSculpting, Vanquish, and Emsculpt) require FDA clearances to be used in the USA. Any treatment that uses an injected substance (Kybella) requires the stricter FDA approval, with correspondingly greater testing.

Minimally invasive and non-invasive procedures are all significantly safer than invasive alternatives, namely liposuction and other surgical techniques. They typically have far fewer side effects, shorter recovery times, and generally lower costs.

It should also be noted that for any procedure, regardless of the degree of invasiveness, the skill and experience of the practitioner performing the treatment is critically important. Don’t assume that you won’t need a medically qualified practitioner because you’re having a non-invasive procedure. Selecting a medically-qualified, trained, skilled, and experienced practitioner is by far the best way to ensure that you will have the best results and fewest unwanted side-effects, regardless of which procedure you choose.

CoolSculpting is a noninvasive fat reduction procedure that has rapidly gained popularity in recent years, primarily due to its effectiveness and minimal downtime.

This paper will explore the science behind CoolSculpting, the procedure’s effectiveness, determine if the results are permanent, and the factors contributing to its longevity. We will also discuss the role of genetics, the importance of patient education, and the role of the treatment provider in achieving the best possible results.

Overview of the Science Behind the Procedure

CoolSculpting is based on the principle of cryolipolysis, in which strictly controlled cooling is used to target and destroy fat cells without damaging surrounding tissues. The procedure uses controlled cooling to target and crystallize fat cells, which then undergo apoptosis (cell death) and are naturally eliminated by the body’s lymphatic system over the course of several weeks.

The procedure is effective because of two factors:

• Fat cells are more susceptible to cold temperatures than other types of cells; CoolSculpting also uses specialized hardware that allows for rapid cooling of fat cells in the targeted area. It includes extensive monitoring to ensure that no damage occurs to adjacent cells.
• Damaged fat cells are not regenerated by the body, hence the gradual removal of fat cells during each CoolSculpting procedure results in a permanent reduction in fat deposits in the treated area.

How Effective are CoolSculpting Procedures?

CoolSculpting is an effective method for reducing fat in targeted areas of the body – clinical studies have demonstrated that CoolSculpting can reduce fat in treated areas by up to 20-25% after a single treatment (Dierickx et al., 2013). Results are typically visible within two to three months, with final results appearing around six months after the procedure. However, individual results can vary, and additional treatments may be necessary to achieve the desired outcome.

It’s important to understand that CoolSculpting cannot remove all fat cells – even though damaged fat cells cannot grow back, other fat cells can (and will) expand if patients do not modify their diet and lifestyle to reduce caloric intake.

Results may vary between individuals, and multiple treatments may be required to achieve desired results. It is important to note that CoolSculpting is not a weight-loss treatment but rather a body contouring procedure designed to target stubborn fat deposits that are resistant to diet and exercise.

How Many CoolSculpting Procedures will be Required?

The answer to this question varies – the number of sessions depends on a number of factors. For many patients the 20-25% fat reductions after a single treatment will be sufficient. For others two or three treatments may be needed to achieve the desired results. Multiple treatments would normally be separated by four to six weeks, and sometimes longer. Your practitioner can help you to decide on the optimum number, depending on your personal physical condition, your medical history, and your expectations.

Can CoolSculpting Permanently Remove Fat?

Yes, CoolSculpting permanently removes fat cells in the treated areas. As the body eliminates the crystallized fat cells, they do not regenerate, and the results are long-lasting or permanent.

Many clinical studies have investigated the effectiveness of CoolSculpting, and its long-term benefits.

The ability to lose between 20 and 25% of fat in targeted areas has been demonstrated by multiple researchers. Longer-term benefits seem to be well established – some studies confirm that most patients were able to maintain their loss of fat over time, while other studies have reported that some fat was likely to return within six months of the procedure.

These results seem to be consistent with our experience, in particular that it is essential to maintain a healthy lifestyle to prevent remaining fat cells from enlarging and negating at least some of the procedure’s benefits.

Factors Affecting the Permanence of CoolSculpting

Several factors can affect the permanence of the procedure’s results. These factors include:

• Weight fluctuations: Gaining weight after CoolSculpting can cause remaining fat cells in the treated area to expand, potentially diminishing the results of the procedure. Maintaining a stable weight is crucial to preserve long-term effects of CoolSculpting.
• Hormonal changes: Hormonal fluctuations, such as those experienced during pregnancy or menopause, can affect fat distribution in the body and potentially alter the results of CoolSculpting.
• Lifestyle choices: A sedentary lifestyle and poor dietary habits can contribute to weight gain and diminish the procedure’s benefits.
• Genetics: Genetic factors may influence the distribution of fat cells in the body and how the remaining fat cells respond to future weight fluctuations.

Are all Patients Good Candidates?

Both men and women can benefit from CoolSculpting, as it effectively addresses common problem areas such as the abdomen, love handles, inner and outer thighs, and under the chin. However, men and women may experience different results due to differences in fat distribution and hormonal factors.

Although CoolSculpting has been cleared by the FDA, they do not regard it as a suitable treatment option for patients whose BMI (Body Mass Index) reaches obese levels, typically 30 or higher. Patients who are looking for a quick way to lose weight should be discouraged from the procedure, as they are unlikely to achieve their desired results.

As CoolSculpting is able to target specific fat deposits, patients who have localized fat deposits that have proven resistant to exercise and diet are the best candidates for the procedure. As long-term results are contingent on patients modifying their diet and/or lifestyle, it follows that the best candidates are those who acknowledge this, and who are ready to commit to long-term lifestyle changes.

CoolSculpting is not recommended during pregnancy, and for 6 to 8 weeks afterwards. Likewise, we don’t recommend it while breast feeding.

CoolSculpting is also not suitable for patients with certain medical conditions such as cryoglobulinemia, cold agglutinin disease, or paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria.

Genetic Considerations

Patient genetics can have a large influence on the effectiveness of CoolSculpting. In particular:

• Fat distribution: Genetic factors have a significant effect on where fat is stored in the body. Some patients have a tendency to store fat in parts of the body that are quite resistant to target by diet and exercise, for example the abdomen, hips, and thighs. CoolSculpting’s ability to target these areas can provide a very effective way to address these problem areas.
• Fat cell characteristics: Genetic factors can influence the number and size of fat cells, as well as the degree to which they are affected by cold temperatures. This means than not all patients respond exactly the same way to CoolSculpting treatments. The CoolSculpting equipment allows the operator to modify certain aspects of the treatment to compensate for individual differences.
• Metabolism: Genetic factors also influence the efficiency with which the body can dispose of damaged fat cells after each CoolSculpting procedure. The primary effect is seen in how quickly results become apparent after treatment.
• Response to treatment: individuals differ not only in how effective the CoolSculpting treatment is in damaging and removing fat cells, but also in how likely they are to develop side-effects after treatment. Most side-effects are mild and transitory, but there is a small chance of experiencing longer-term side effects.

How Long Do CoolSculpting Results Typically Last?

CoolSculpting results are typically visible within three to four months after the procedure, with the most noticeable changes occurring between two and six months.

The permanence of CoolSculpting results depends on an individual’s ability to maintain a stable weight and a healthy lifestyle. If the patient is able to modify their diet and exercise habits, then the benefits will be long-lasting. If the patient reverts to their previous habits, then the remaining fat cells will expand, gradually compromising the procedure’s benefits.

Combining CoolSculpting with Other Treatments

CoolSculpting can be combined with other noninvasive body contouring treatments to achieve more comprehensive and lasting results. Examples include radiofrequency skin tightening, or laser treatments to improve skin elasticity and appearance. Consulting a qualified professional practitioner to determine the appropriate combination of treatments based on your individual goals and expectations.

The Role of the Provider, Including Setting Patient Expectations

The success of CoolSculpting relies heavily on the expertise of the treatment provider. An experienced and skilled provider will assess the patient’s individual needs and develop a customized treatment plan to achieve the desired results. They will also monitor the patient’s progress and make any necessary adjustments to the treatment plan as needed, ensuring the best possible outcome and long-lasting results.

Educating patients about the CoolSculpting procedure, its benefits, potential risks, and the factors that can impact the permanence of the results is crucial for ensuring realistic expectations and optimal outcomes. A well-informed patient is more likely to follow post-treatment care recommendations and maintain a healthy lifestyle to preserve the long-term effects of CoolSculpting.

The Psychological Benefits of CoolSculpting

The long-term results of CoolSculpting can have a positive impact on a patient’s self-esteem and body image. By addressing stubborn fat deposits that are resistant to diet and exercise, CoolSculpting can help patients feel more confident in their appearance, which can have a positive effect on their overall mental well-being. It also contributes to their motivation and ability to maintain a healthier lifestyle.

The Cost of CoolSculpting

The cost of CoolSculpting treatments will vary depending on factors such as the provider’s fees, the location and size of the treatment area, and the number of sessions required. Average prices for CoolSculpting sessions typically range from $600 up to $4,000. It is important to consider the long-term benefits and potential cost savings associated with CoolSculpting when comparing it to other fat reduction procedures, and in particular to liposuction. For many, the minimal downtime and long-term benefits of a non-invasive procedure justify the cost.

Future Developments in Noninvasive Fat Reduction

As our understanding of adipose tissue biology and the mechanisms underlying noninvasive fat reduction techniques expands, we can expect the field to continue to evolve, offering more effective and targeted treatment options in the future. CoolSculpting technology has evolved over time, and we expect that it will continue to do so in the future, refining and extending its ability to offer cost effective long-term results.

Conclusion

In summary, CoolSculpting is a promising, permanent, noninvasive method for reducing fat in targeted areas of the body. However, the permanence of the results is dependent on an individual’s ability to maintain a stable weight and adopt a healthy lifestyle. Factors such as weight fluctuations, hormonal changes, and genetics can impact the procedure’s benefits, so it is essential to be aware of these factors and make lifestyle adjustments accordingly. With minimal downtime and a low risk of complications, CoolSculpting remains an attractive option for those seeking a noninvasive method to address stubborn fat deposits.

References

1. Safety, Tolerance, and Patient Satisfaction With Noninvasive Cryolipolysis.
   Christine C. Dierickx, Jean-Michel Mazer, Mila Sand, Sylvie Koenig, Valerie Arigon.
   Dermatologic Surgery 39(8):p 1209-1216, August 2013.
   https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/dsu.12238

Common areas of the body where IPL can be used include

The Face

Neck and Chest

Arms and Hands

Your Laser Skin Care